基于虚拟样机技术和广义简约梯度算法优化火炮射击稳定性

传统的火炮设计和分析均基于“平面、对称和静平衡”三个基本假设，实际上是一种静态的分析方法，虚拟样机技术的出现为基于动力学的火炮动态分析提供了新的途径。在建立火炮动力学模型的基础上，利用虚拟样机技术系统地研究了高低机刚度和阻尼、大架刚度和阻尼、土壤介质刚度和阻尼、后坐质量偏心和耳轴位置偏心对火炮射击稳定性的影响。通过引入相对灵敏度分析公式，解决了具有不同量纲的影响因素的比较难题，进而获得影响火炮射击稳定性的重要结构参数。针对目前优化技术存在非线性优化问题的局限性，以火炮射击稳定性为目标，采用广义简约梯度算法对火炮射击稳定性进行了优化，得到一组使火炮稳定性最优的匹配结构参数，仿真及优化算例证明了利用虚拟样机技术对火炮系统动态特性仿真的可行性和灵活性。最后，展望了虚拟样机技术在武器装备领域应用的前景。

OPTIMIZATION FOR FIRING STABILITY OF GUN BASED ON VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGY AND GENERALIZED REDUCED GRADIENT METHOD

Conventional design and analysis of gun system involve three assumptions,and in fact,it is a static analysis method.Virtual prototyping technology has presented a new approach to study and analyze dynamic characteristics of gun(system) based on multibody dynamics.With establishing dynamic model of gun system,the effects of stiffness and damping of the main parts,i.e.elevating mechanism,trail,and soil as well as the effects of parity of recoil mass and parity of trunnion position on firing stability are systematically studied.An improved expression of sensitivity analysis is provided,and the importance(degrees) of factors with different dimensions that influence firing stability of gun are compared.Furthermore,a set of matched structure parameters to meet optimal design are obtained,and the optimal results achieved by GRG(Generalized Reduced Gradient) method suggest the superiority and flexibility of virtual prototyping technology.Finally,the application perspective of virtual prototyping technology and a strong emphasis of next research are presented.