3D打印主要成形工艺及其应用进展

3D打印是以计算机图形数据为基础,通过逐层堆积的方式构建实体,具有高柔性制造以及对复杂零件自由快速成形的特点.从文献研究入手,重点介绍了光固化成形、熔融沉积制造、选区激光烧结、选区激光熔化、三维印刷成形、分层实体制造等典型3D打印工艺的成形原理以及研究进展,在此基础上着重概述了3D打印在生物医学、航空航天、建筑工程领域的应用.简要分析了当前3D打印技术发展中存在的一些问题并提出了一系列解决方案.3D打印技术的出现,给传统制造技术带来了革命性改变,其应用范围广泛,未来一定会融入到人们生活的方方面面.

Recent Development of Main Process Types of 3D Printing Technology and Application

Based on computer graphics data, 3D printing builds objects by stacking layer by layer. It is featured with high flexibility manufacturing and free rapid formation of complex parts. Starting with literature research, the forming principle and research progress of typical 3D printing processes such as stereo lithography appearance, fused deposition modeling, selected laser sintering, selected laser melting, three-dimensional printing and laminated object manufacturing. On this basis, the application of 3D printing in biomedicine, aerospace and construction engineering were mainly introduced. Some problems existing in the development of 3D printing technology were briefly analyzed. And a series of solutions were put forward. The emergence of 3D printing technology brings revolutionary changes to the traditional manufacturing technology. It has a wide range of applications and will be integrated into all aspects of people''s life in the future.