美国市政体制的确立及其成因

美国国内采用的市政体制有三种 ,即 :市长暨议会制、城市经理制和委员会制。这三种体制确立于 1 9世纪末市政改革时期 ,在其后的发展过程中 ,委员会制逐步衰落 ;城市经理制则长足发展 ;“强市长型”取代“弱市长型”成为市长暨议会制的主要形式 ,并在其基础上演化出了另一亚型———行政官制。目前 ,不同城市依其规模或各自特点采纳不同的市政体制。美国市政体制确立及发展反映出市政府行政部门权力不断扩大和市政管理专业化等值得注意的趋向

THE EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

Three basic forms of American municipal government are identified as the mayor council, commission and council manager, which were founded in the municipal reform at the late 19th century. The commission system was emerged but then developed slowly or even declined; the city manager system proved very successful and became very popular in many medium and small sized cities. Chief Administrative Officers was added to the strong-mayor-council system. Nowadays, American cities adopted different municipal systems according to their size and character. Some noticeable trends have been found from the evolution of municipal forms: the growth of the administrative power and the professionalism of the management.