重质油在加工过程中结构基团转化规律的实验验证

按照结构基团理论，将石油馏分的化学组成划分为芳烃、环烷烃、烯烃和非烃元素等结构基因，其中芳烃和环烷烃还按照其环分布划分为若干个亚族基因。在重质油加工过程进行的化学反应都视为基团间或基因本身发生的反应。在大量的工业装置和实验室中试研究数据的基础上，对催化裂化、延迟焦化和加氢裂化工艺过程中原料油和产品之间的化学结构变化规律进行了研究，验证了结构基团理论的可行性，剖析了３个主要的重质油加工过程的化学本质和工艺特征，有利于炼油厂在进行重质油加工时选择合理的技术路线。

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION ON CONVERSION RULES OF STRUCTURAL GSOUPS IN HEAVY OIL PROCESSING

According to the structural group theory, the chemical composition of petroleum fractions can be classified as structural groups as aromatics, naphthene, olefin and non-hydrocarbon elements etc. Among them, aromatics and naphthene can be further divided into some sub-groups depending on their ring distribution. The chemical reactions in heavy oil processing can be considered as reactions occurred between groups or in the group itself. Based on a large number of data from commercial unit and bench-scale experiments, the rules of chemical structural conversion between feedstock and products in catalytic cracking, delayed coking and hydrocracking were investigated. The feasibility of this theory was verified. Both chemical nature and technological characteristics of these three main processes in heavy oil processing were analyzed. This is favorable to refineries for the selection of rational technical route in processing heavy oil.