我国节能减排形势和面临的严峻挑战

我国近几年节能减排取得巨大成就,与2005年比较,2009年全国单位GDP能耗降低15.56%;"十一五"前4年节能率为4.14%,节能量达到56511×104t标煤;环境污染物增长率和单位GDP污染物产生量明显下降。但节能减排形势依然严峻,目前完成"十一五"能源强度降低20%左右的目标任务十分艰巨。同时,能源资源相对短缺、节能压力巨大、能源开发利用效率不高、环境污染严重、节能管理体制改革明显滞后等问题依然存在。其原因主要是经济增长过快、产业结构调整十分艰难、节能降耗步履维艰、能源结构调整进展较慢、能源消费量增长迅速等。为了保持资源和环境的可持续发展,必须控制能源需求总量的增长,优化能源结构,2020年能源消费总量不应超过42×108t标煤,特别要抑制煤炭生产量和消费量的快速增长。同时今后10年经济增长速度最好保持在7%～8%之间。改变经济增长模式的重点在于转变发展方式,要由生产型大国向消费型大国转型、由投资主导型转向消费主导型,到2020年第三产业的比重应达到50%左右。要加大节能力度,提高能源利用效率,"十二五"和"十三五"期间,单位GDP能耗应分别下降20%。另外,应积极发展各种非化石能源,深化能源体制改革,进一步加强国际合作。

China's Progress in Energy Saving and Emission Reduction and Great Challenges

China has made extraordinary achievements in saving energy and reducing emission in recent years.Compared with 2005,China＇s energy consumption in unit GDP production dropped by 15.56% in 2009. The energy saving efficiency in the first four years of the Eleventh Five Year Plan was 4.14% and 56511× 10^4t of coal equivalent of energy was saved.The rate of growth in environmental pollutants and pollutant pro- duction in unit GDP production dropped significantly.However,the situation remains stern for China＇s energy saving and emission reduction campaign,It will be a very difficult task to achieve the objective of reducing the national energy intensity by about 20% in the Eleventh Five Year Plan.In addition,some other problems remain including relatively short energy resources,an enormous pressure on energy saving,low energy develop- ment and utilization efficiency ,serious environmental pollution and unsatisfactory progress in the reform of energy saving management system.The main causes of these problems include excessively fast economic growth, extremely difficult adjustment to industrial structures,slow progress in energy saving and emission reduction and in energy mix adjustment and rapid growth of energy consumption.To ensure the sustainability of resources and the environment ,the fast growth of the total demand for energy must be arrested and the energy mix must be optimized.The total energy consumption shall not exceed 42×10^4t of coal equivalent by 2020.Particularly,the fast growth of coal production and consumption shall be suppressed.In addition,the economic growth must be within 7%-8% in the next 10 years.The key to changing the mode of economic growth is to change the way of development.China should evolve to a major consumer from a major producer and its economy should become consumption dominant from being investment dominant.By 2020,the share of the tertiary industry should reach some 50%.China should step up its effort to save energy and raise its energy efficiency.During the Twelfth and Thirteenth Five Year Plan periods , China＇s energy consumption in unit GDP production should drop by 20% respectively.In addition,China should actively develop non-fossil energy sources,deepen its energy system reform and continue to strengthen international cooperation.