超声波辅助-盐析-水蒸气蒸馏法提取葛缕子精油的研究

对超声波辅助-盐析-水蒸气蒸馏法提取葛缕子精油的工艺进行研究。以葛缕子精油得率为考察指标,考察料液比、氯化钠浓度、浸泡时间、超声频率、超声功率和超声时间6个因素对超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取葛缕子精油得率的影响以及最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,超声辅助-盐析-水蒸气蒸馏法提取葛缕子精油的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:15,氯化钠浓度为15%,浸泡时间60min,超声频率25kHz,超声功率250W,超声时间30min,在此条件下,葛缕子精油的平均得率可达到5.42%±0.01%,比盐析-水蒸汽蒸馏法得率提高了1.24%。利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对葛缕子精油的化学成分进行鉴定,共分离鉴定出27种化学成分,其主要成分是柠檬烯（31.08%）和右旋香芹酮（66.42%）,与盐析-水蒸汽蒸馏法提取精油在组成成分（15种化合物）和主要成分含量上（柠檬烯21.84%和右旋香芹酮76.29%）都存在比较大的差异。结果表明超声辅助-盐析-水蒸汽蒸馏法提取葛缕子精油不仅可以缩短提取时间,提高精油产率,还可以改善精油的质量。 

Extraction of Caraway essential oils by ultrasonic-assisted salting-out hydrodistillation

To obtain the Caraway (Carum carvi L.) essential oils by the ultrasonic-assisted salting-out (UASHDE) hydrodistillation extraction, the optimum extraction conditions were investigated. Six factors were studied in present paper, and they were material to solvent ratio, sodium chloride concentration, soaking time, ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, and ultrasonic time. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows:material to solvent ratio 1:15, sodium chloride concentration 15%, soaking time 60min, ultrasonic frequency 25kHz, ultrasonic power 250W, and ultrasonic time 30min. The average rate of essential oils on the optimal condition was 5. 42%±0. 01%, which was increased by 1. 24% compared with that of salting-out hydrodistillation extraction (SHDE) . By the application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques, constituents of caraway essential oil extracted were identified, and isolated 27 kinds of chemical composition, of which, limonene (31. 08%) and D (+) -carvone (66. 42%) were the major constituents. However, the chemical composition (15) and principal component content (limonene 21. 84% and D (+) -carvone 76. 29%) of Caraway essential oils obtained by SHDE were significantly different with that obtained by UASHDE. The results showed that UASHDE was superior to SHDE with respect to extraction time, essential oil yield and quality.