基于遥感信息的矿区生态扰动监测研究——以迁安市为例

矿产资源开发会引发一系列环境问题，制约了矿区城市的可持续发展，矿区生态环境扰动监测已成为矿区城市生态文明建设的重要组成部分。为研究矿区活动及矿区生态修复对我国典型矿产资源型城市——迁安市生态环境的影响，利用2000—2018年Landsat系列遥感数据对该市矿区生态扰动进行了监测研究。利用随机森林（Random Forest， RF）算法对迁安市2000—2018年间矿区演变进行了提取研究，并构建了遥感生态指数（Remote Sensing Ecological Index， RSEI）定量分析研究区生态环境质量及变化特征。研究表明：2000—2018年间，迁安市矿区范围变化明显，矿区总面积明显变少，且有修复效果优良的矿区；该市生态环境质量整体呈现波动下降趋势，其变化与矿区活动及矿区生态修复具有较强的相关性。结合RSEI时空分布与矿区生态修复活动，迁安市生态环境变化可分为两个阶段：①2000—2008年间，生态环境质量主要由优、良向中、差转变，生态环境质量改善和恶化面积占比分别为20.18%和34.31%；②2008—2018年间，生态环境质量整体上升，生态质量改善面积占比达到43.11%，且变化具有明显的区域性。2000—2018年，迁安市生态环境经历了先恶化、后逐步恢复的过程，表明该市在实行功能分区、健全矿产资源规划和矿区分区治理政策后，生态环境得到改善，生态修复效果显著，为矿区城市环境治理和生态文明建设提供了参考。

Study on the Ecological Disturbance Monitoring in Mining Area Based on Remote Sensing Information:Taking Qian'an City as an Example

The development of mineral resources caused a series of environmental problems and has restricted the sustainable development of mining cities. The monitoring of environmental disturbances in mining areas has become an important part of the construction of urban ecological civilization in mining areas. In order to study the impact of mining activities and ecological restoration of the mining area on the ecological environment of Qian'an City， this paper uses the Landsat series of remote sensing data from 2000 to 2018 to monitor the ecological disturbance in the mining area of Qian'an City. Random forest （RF） algorithm was used to extract and study the evolution of mining areas in Qian'an City from 2000 to 2018， and a remote sensing ecological index （RSEI） was constructed to quantitatively analyze the ecological environment quality and change characteristics of the study area. Studies show that from 2000 to 2018， the scope of the mining area in Qian'an has changed significantly， the total area of the mining area is significantly less and there are completely restored mining areas； the ecological environment quality of Qian'an City has a fluctuating downward trend， and the changes have a strong correlation with mining activities and ecological restoration in mining areas； combined with the spatial and temporal distribution of RSEI and ecological restoration activities in the mining area， the ecological environment changes in Qian'an City can be divided into two stages:① from 2000 to 2008， the ecological environment quality mainly changed from excellent， good to medium and poor， the areas with improved and deteriorated ecological quality accounted for 20.19% and 34.31% respectively.；② from 2008 to 2018， the overall ecological environment quality has increased， and the area of ecological quality improvement has reached 43.11%， and the changes are obviously regional.During the study period （from 2008 to 2018）， the ecological environment of Qian'an City experienced a process of first deterioration and then gradual recovery. It shows that Qian’an City has implemented functional zoning， perfected mineral resource planning and mining area zoning governance policies， the ecological environment has been improved， and the effect of ecological restoration is significant， providing a scientific basis for urban ecological governance in mining areas.