浓密机发展历程、分类及其高效化改进研究现状

传统浓密机使用中常存在溢流“跑浑”、底流浓度不达标、压耙等问题，导致浓密机分级效果差，直接影响企业的安全高效生产。浓密机分级效果除了受到来自浓密机自身结构参数的宏观因素影响外，根本原因取决于进料特性、药剂作用参数（如泥层厚度、加药量、溢流含固量、底流浓度等）。为此，通过综述国内外浓密机发展历程、分类及特点、存在的问题及其改进，系统分析了自动提耙技术、新型进料井结构、自动加药技术、综合控制系统等在传统浓密机高效化改进方面的应用，总结了深锥浓密机和斜板（管）浓密机在稳定底流浓度、改善板面上物料堆积粘结、减少沉降通道堵塞等方面采取的措施，介绍了振动型斜板浓密分级机和振动型斜板盒浓密分级机技术特征及应用，重点讨论了消除斜板浓密机斜板面上物料粘结与堵塞问题的最新技术与解决方案。未来浓密机将以高底流浓度、高处理能力、低故障率、低能耗、智能控制为主要技术特征，借助于新材料、自动化水平、药剂工艺等技术的进步，实现以传统浓密机为基础、高效浓密机为方向，不断优化设备结构，最终规格趋于合理、类型趋于完善。浓密机及其高效化应用的系统研究，为我国在固液分离行业通用设备的研究与开发提供重要思路，为实现尾矿高效脱水、干排干堆、综合利用，加快绿色矿山建设进程提供重要的理论和技术支撑。

Development Process,Classification and High Efficiency Modification Status of the Thickener

The main proldems including overflow "runs muddy"， subpar underflow concentration， pressure rake and low degree of automation causes the poor grading effect， which directly affects the safe and efficient production of enterprises. In addition to the macro factors from the thickener's own structural parameters， the basic reason for the thickener's classification effect depends on the feed characteristics and reagent action parameters such as mud layer thickness， dosage， overflow solid content， underflow concentration and so on. So the development history， classification and characteristics， existing problems and improvement of thickeners at home and abroad are summarized. The application of automatic rake lifting technology， new feed well structure， automatic dosing technology and integrated control system are systematically analyzed in the aspect of traditional thickeners. The measures of deep cone thickener and inclined plate or tube thickener for stabilization of the bottom flow concentration， improving the material stacking and bonding in the board surface， reducing settlement channel blockage were summarized. The technical characteristics and application of vibration type inclined plate thickening classifier and vibration type inclined plate box thickening classifier are introduced， and the latest technologies and solutions to eliminate the problems of material adhesion and blockage on the inclined plate surface of inclined plate thickener are mainly discussed. The research shows that the thickener will be characterized by high underflow concentration， high treatment capacity， low breakdown rate， low energy consumption and intelligent control in the future. With the help of new materials， automation level， pharmaceutical technology and other technological progress， the main development direction is to continuously optimize the equipment structure， rationalize the specifications and perfect the types based on the traditional thickener and in the direction of high-efficiency thickener. Systematic study on thickener and its high efficiency application provides important ideas for the research and development of general equipment in solid-liquid separation industry in China. It also provides important theoretical and technical support for the realization of efficient dewatering， dry dumping and comprehensive utilization of tailings， and speeding up the process of green mine construction.