工程扰动下矿山高陡边坡力学响应规律研究

露天矿山中存在大量的高陡边坡与凹陷露天深坑，受区域环境影响，开采过程中各种生产扰动可能会造成滑坡、滚石等现象，威胁生产安全。基于高陡边坡稳定性分析相关理论，综合考虑工程区域地质条件，建立了边坡稳定性分析的数值模型。采用显式—隐式结合的计算方法，通过LS-DYNA软件对露天矿山高陡边坡爆破布置方案进行模拟，实现了计算结果的唯一可解性、无条件稳定性和收敛性。从时变角度对静力场应力迁移与动力扰动的共同作用进行了研究，针对扰动影响开展了动静耦合力学响应规律分析。研究表明：①上覆岩层剥离后边坡体坡面及台阶位置产生卸荷力学行为，坡顶位置振动速度较大，生产中坡顶易发生碎石滚落，需重点防范；②在工程爆破中，炸药量越大，塑性范围随之呈正比增长关系。爆心距较大的单元变形受地应力作用影响明显，爆破动力仅提供初始扰动作用。③根据不同药量爆破动力强度的分析，为了减震降灾，应当尽可能维持最优药量爆破，或者采用预裂爆破形式，削弱爆破振动对周边环境的影响。通过完成矿山高陡边坡稳定性优化研究，实现了动静荷载还原的边坡稳定性时程分析，可为露天矿山开采扰动影响的预测预警提供参考。

Study on the Mechanical Response Law of Mine High and Steep Slope under Engineering Disturbance

A large number of high and steep slopes and sunken open-pit pits are formed in open-pit mining. Affected by the regional environment， various production disturbances during the mining process may cause landslides， rolling rocks and other phenomena， threatening production safety.Based on the related theories of high and steep slope stability analysis， the geological conditions of the engineering is comprehensively analyzed， and a numerical model is established for slope stability analysis.Combined with the explicit-implicit calculation method， the LS-DYNA software is used to simulate the high slope blasting layout of the open-pit mine， and the unique solvability， unconditional stability and convergence of the calculation results are realized.The combined effect of static force field stress migration and dynamic disturbance is analyzed through the time-varying mode， and the dynamic and static coupling mechanics response law analysis is carried out for the influence of disturbance.The study results show that: ①The unloading mechanical behavior occurs when the overlying rock layer is peeled off on the slope surface and steps of the slope. The vibration speed of the slope top area is high， which will cause the gravel to roll off the slope top during production， which needs to be carefully monitored.②In engineering blasting， the greater the amount of explosives， the plastic range will increase proportionally. The deformation of the unit with larger blasting center distance is obviously affected by in-situ stress，and the initial disturbance effect is triggered by the blasting power.③According to the analysis of the dynamic strength of blasting with different charge， in order to reduce the shock and disaster， the optimal charge blasting should be maintained as much as possible， or the pre-split blasting method should be adopted to weaken the impact of blasting vibration on the surrounding environment.By completing the optimization study on the stability of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines， the time-history analysis of slope stability based on dynamic and static load reduction is realized， which can provide a reference for the prediction of mining disturbances in open-pit mines.