Blockzone: A Decentralized and Trustworthy Data Plane for DNS

The domain name system (DNS) provides a mapping service between memorable names and numerical internet protocol addresses, and it is a critical infrastructure of the Internet. The authenticity of DNS resolution results is crucial for ensuring the accessibility of Internet services. Hundreds of supplementary specifications of protocols have been proposed to compensate for the security flaws of DNS. However, DNS security incidents still occur frequently. Although DNS is a distributed system, for a specified domain name, only authorized authoritative servers can resolve it. Other servers must obtain the resolution result through a recursive or iterative resolving procedure, which renders DNS vulnerable to various attacks, such as DNS cache poisoning and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. This paper proposes a novel decentralized architecture for a DNS data plane, which is called Blockzone. First, Blockzone utilizes novel mechanisms, which include on-chain authorization and off-chain storage, to implement a decentralized and trustworthy DNS data plane. Second, in contrast to the hierarchical authentication and recursive query of traditional DNS, Blockzone implements a decentralized operation model. This model significantly increases the efficiency of domain name resolution and verification and enhances the security of DNS against DDoS and cache poisoning attacks. In addition, Blockzone is fully compatible with the traditional DNS implementation and can be incrementally deployed as a plug-in service of DNS without changing the DNS protocol or system architecture. The Blockzone scheme can also be generalized to address security issues in other areas, such as the Internet of things and edge computing.