锂离子电池硅基负极黏结剂研究进展

硅在自然界中储量丰富,其理论比容量高达4 200 mA∙h/g,已成为高能量密度锂离子电池负极材料的研究热点。但是Si作为负极材料也存在许多不足,最大的问题是电池充放电过程中,硅体积膨胀（高达300%）,导致Si基负极材料粉化脱落、电池容量迅速衰减,其循环性能尚难以满足实际需求。通过研究开发硅基负极专用黏结剂材料,可以有效抑制循环过程中硅的体积变化,维持硅负极结构稳定,提升电池循环性能。本文综述了近年来硅基负极黏结剂材料的研究进展,主要从合成高分子聚合物黏结剂、天然高分子聚合物黏结剂、导电高分子聚合物黏结剂三个方面进行详细归纳总结,并介绍了本课题组在硅基负极黏结剂方面的部分研究成果,期望能为将来的硅基负极专用黏结剂的研究和应用提供一些思路。

Progress on Development of Binders for Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

In recent years, Si-based anode has been attracting numerous attentions as next generation high-capacity anode alternating to the current graphite anode applied in industry of Li-ion batteries owing to its abundant resources and unparalleled theoretical capacity (4 200 mA∙h/g). However, the major obstacle, impeding the practical use of Si anodes in lithium-ion batteries, is the issue related with the severe volume changes over cycling which consequently leads to the pulverization of the active mass particles, and hence rapid capacity fading. In order to address this issue, much research concentrates on preparing appropriate binders for silicon anodes, aiming to alleviate the huge volume changes over cycling and correspondingly improve the cycling performance. In this article, the recent progress of binders for silicon anodes from synthetic polymer, natural polymer, and conductive polymer were mainly reviewed. It is expected to provide some insight on the future directions and prospects for the development and application of binders for Si-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries.