Formation of dislocations in metals during the diffusion of low-solubility surface-active substances

The formation of dislocations during diffusion in solids was analyzed. Calculations relating to the diffusion of surface-active substances (SAS) in metals, at temperatures for which the Rebinder effect is manifested, were carried out. It was shown that this effect is most intensely manifested when the depth of diffusion is on the order of tens of interatomic spacings. It was established that, when SAS diffuse to such a depth, the dislocation density in metals reaches 10¹²–10¹³ cm/cm³ which leads to embrittlement and crack nucleation even at low stress levels. A diffusional model of grain boundaries, taking into account the formation of dislocations during diffusion, was analyzed. It was noted that thermal stresses contribute to the formation of dislocations when high-melting metals are tinned with low-melting metals.Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 643–649, November–December, 1969.Our gratitude is due to I. A. Goncharenko for his assistance in the experimental work.