厚覆盖层条件下地下采矿引起的地表变形陷落特征模型试验研究

以某金属矿山为原型,运用地质力学模型试验,深入分析了厚覆盖岩层条件下地表变形陷落随不同开采水平的变化规律、不同开采水平下地表变形陷落范围的变化规律以及地表变形陷落随时间的变化规律。试验采用数码相机数字化近景摄影测量方法来量测采矿过程中地表及上、下盘岩体中的位移。本试验模拟了复杂的地质条件和自然崩落法的采矿过程。地表最大下沉位移主要集中在断层F1,F4之间的区域。采场顶板围岩具有明显的流变特性,蠕变曲线具有较明显的减速蠕变阶段、稳定蠕变阶段以及变形稳定阶段。在目前开采条件下,蠕变曲线都呈变形收敛形态。相对最终稳定时的总位移量,开采完毕瞬时位移占10%～35%,减速蠕变阶段所产生的位移约占43%～72%,稳定蠕变阶段所产生的位移占15%～25%,不难发现,绝大部分地表下沉位移主要发生在减速蠕变阶段。减速蠕变阶段约为7～8 d,最终变形稳定阶段约为46～50 d。通过对试验结果的深入分析,从-270 m水平起采明显优于从-200 m水平起采。根据试验结果,所提出的最优起采深度已被矿方所采用。

MODELING TEST STUDY ON DEFORMATION AND SUBSIDENCE OF GROUND SURFACE INDUCED BY UNDERGROUND MINING WITH THICK OVERBURDEN

Based on the prototype of metal mine,the geological mechanics modeling test is made to deeply analyze the variation rules of deformation and subsidence of ground surface induced by excavation with thick overburden. With the modeling test,not only the complex geological condition of the selected sections,but also the excavating process of natural mining is realistically simulated. The roof of stope is of obvious creep property,but it behaves convergently according to the test. The location of the biggest subsidence of ground surface is also found for given case. Based on the testing results,the optimized initial-mining altitude is adopted by mining company.