A 1.6-GByte/s DRAM with flexible mapping redundancy technique andadditional refresh scheme

We implemented 72-Mb direct Rambus DRAM with new memory architecture suitable for multibank. There are two novel schemes: flexible mapping redundancy (FMR) technique and additional refresh scheme. This paper shows that multibank reduces redundancy area efficiency. But with the FMR technique, this 16-bank DRAM realizes the same area efficiency as a single-bank DRAM. In other words, FMR reduces chip area by 13%. This paper also describes that additional refresh scheme reduces data retention power to 1/4. Its area efficiency is about four times better than that of the conventional redundancy approach