Field Evaluation of Crushed Glass–Dredged Material Blends |
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Authors: | Dennis G. Grubb Atwood F. Davis Steven C. Sands Michael Carnivale III Joseph Wartman Patricia M. Gallagher |
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Affiliation: | 1Senior Associate, Schnabel Engineering North, LLC, 510 East Gay St., West Chester, PA, 19380; formerly Program Manager, Apex Environmental, Inc., 269 Great Valley Pkwy., Malvern, PA 19355 (corresponding author). E-mail: dgrubb@schnabel-eng.com 2Program Manager, Apex Environmental, Inc., 269 Great Valley Pkwy., Malvern, PA 19355. 3President, Clean Earth Dredging Technologies, Inc., 334 S. Warminister Rd., Hatboro, PA 19040. 4Graduate Student Researcher, Dept. of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Drexel Univ., 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104. 5Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil, Architectural, & Environmental Engineering, Drexel Univ., 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104. 6Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, Drexel Univ., 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104.
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Abstract: | Based on the laboratory results reported in a companion paper, three crushed glass–dredged material (CG–DM) blends were prepared and evaluated in the field to explore the feasibility of using CG–DM blends in general, embankment and structural fill applications. A trailer-mounted pugmill successfully prepared 20/80, 50/50, and 80/20 CG–DM blends (dry weight percent CG content reported first) within a tolerance of ±5 dry % by weight of the targeted percentages. Blending criteria were routinely met at pugmill throughputs up to 1,500?m3/day. The constructed 20/80 CG–DM embankment was compacted to a minimum of 90% modified Proctor compaction, whereas the 50/50 and 80/20 CG–DM embankments were constructed to a minimum of 95% modified Proctor compaction. Twenty to 80% CG addition to DM resulted in 1.5–5.5?kN/m3 increases in field dry densities above 100% DM, densities not achievable with other DM stabilization techniques such as Portland cement, fly ash, and/or lime (PC/FA/lime) addition. CG substantially improved the workability of DM allowing construction with conventional equipment and three person crew while achieving very consistent and reproducible results during a timeline of frequent and heavy precipitation events. The 20/80, 50/50, and 80/20 CG–DM embankments were characterized by average cone tip resistances on the order of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0?MPa, respectively. An environmental evaluation of 100% CG, DM and 50/50 CG–DM blend samples coupled with an economic analysis of a scaled-up commercial application illustrated that the CG–DM blending approach is potentially more cost effective than PC/FA/lime stabilization approaches. These features of CG–DM blending make the process attractive for use in urban and industrial settings. |
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Keywords: | Field tests Recycling Dredge spoils Physical properties Soil mixing Embankment Cone penetration tests |
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