小秦岭金矿带枣香河重金属及氰化物分布特征及污染成因

为了研究小秦岭金矿带河流中重金属及氰化物分布特征及污染成因,利用野外调研、室内淋溶试验、数据测试分析等手段,对枣香河河水和底泥中重金属和氰化物进行了时空剖析。其研究表明,河水水质污染严重,水质类别主要是劣Ⅴ类和Ⅴ类水,污染河段占93.09%,河水中主要污染物为汞、铅及氰化物。通过对近年河水断面水质对比分析得出,重金属、氰化物已经造成枣香河水的持续污染。河流中重金属主要以底泥的形式存在,底泥中铜、铅污染最严重。河水污染成因主要为山区采矿活动、山外傍河选冶作业;河水的稀释、混合作用;底泥的吸附作用、生物化学的降解作用等。影响因素主要为污染物总量及其降解速率、水系沉积物颗粒粒径、地形地貌等。

Distribution characteristics and polluting causes of heavy metals in Zaoxiang River of the Xiaoqinling gold belt

In order to study the distribution characteristics and polluting causes of heavy metals and cyanide in water and sediments in rivers of the Xiaoqinling gold belt,this paper analyses space-time distribution of heavy metals and cyanide by field work,eluviating experiments and data test analysis.The results show that the water quality is very bad,most of which belongs to inferior Ⅴ type and Ⅴ type.93.09 % of the river is polluted now and the main pollutants are mercury,lead and cyanide.Zaoxiang River is persistently polluted by heavy metal and cyanide according to the quality data comparison of recent years.Heavy metals present themselves mostly as sediments and of them copper and lead are the most contaminations.Causes of water pollution are mainly mountainous mining activities,mill running and smelting close to river,diluting and mixing effects of river water,sediment sorption,biochemical degradation,and so on.The influencing factors are the gross of polluting material and its degradation speed,granularity of sediment particles,terrains and landscapes.