Effect of Chlorine on the Chemisorptive Properties and Ammonia Synthesis Activity of Alumina-Supported Ru Catalysts

Abstract  

A series of Ru/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared to study the effect of the amount and the origin of residual chlorine on chemisorptive property and the ammonia synthesis activity. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, CO chemisorption, transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed desorption, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction. It is found that the presence of chlorine had a limited impact on Ru particle size. Residual chlorine originated from RuCl₃ would not influence on Ru 3d_5/2 binding energy, but chlorine from HCl solution significantly increased Ru 3d_5/2 binding energy. Regardless of their source, the presence of chlorine severely reduced the amount of hydrogen species corresponding to the desorption peak at medium temperature. The inhibition effect of chlorine on hydrogen adsorption was more strong for Ru catalyst with residual chlorine from the RuCl₃ precursor. With a similar amount of residual chlorine, the catalysts with chlorine originated from the RuCl₃ precursor showed much lower catalytic activity than those prepared by impregnation of HCl. These results suggest that chlorine mainly affects the catalytic properties of alumina supported Ru catalysts for ammonia synthesis by selective site blocking.