Correction of wave-front errors caused by the slight tilt of a reference beam in phase-shifting interferometry

In standard phase-shifting interferometry the reference beam is supposed to be a plane wave exactly normal to the recording plane. A slight tilt of the reference beam, however, may occur in practice, and it will introduce phase distortion for the reconstructed object wave front. The effects of reference wave tilt on the wave reconstruction are analyzed, and a novel method is proposed to correct the errors caused by this tilt. This method is simple and convenient without the need of any additional optical devices and measurements, and it can be used for both the smooth and the diffuse object surfaces. The effectiveness of this method is verified by a series of computer simulations.