Three-Dimensional Antenna Patterns for Nonsinusoidal Waves

Array beam forming with nonsinusoidal waves allows a trade-off between signal power, frequency bandwidth, and array size for a small resolution angle. In addition, one can derive various antenna patterns with desiralble features for achieving good angular resolution. Such patterns are peak-amplitude, peak-power, ramp-duration, flat-duration, energy, and slope patterns that have been derived for linear arrays. In this paper, the principle of beam forming with noise-free nonsinusoidal waves received by rectangular planar arrays is discussed. Three-dimensional peak-amplitude, energy, and slope patterns are derived for planar arrays with 4 × 4, 8 × 8, 16 × 16, and 32 × 32 sensor elements.