Interaction Kinetics between Sn-Pb Solder Droplet and Au/Ni/Cu Pad

The interfacial phenomena of the Sn-Pb solder droplet on Au/Ni/Cu pad are investigated. A continuous AuSn2and needle-like AuSn4 are formed at the interface after the liquid state reaction (soldering). The interfacial reaction between the solder and Au layer continues during solid state aging with AuSn4 breaking off from the interface and felling into the solder. The kinetics of Au layer dissolution and diffusion into the solder during soldering and aging is analyzed to elucidate intermetallic formation mechanism at the solder/Au pad interface.The concentration of Au near the solder/pad interface is identified to increase and reach the solubility limit during the period of liquid state reaction. During solid state reaction, the thickening of Au-Sn compound is mainly controlled by element diffusion.