晚清上海外籍职业建筑师群体略论（1843-1911）

自开埠以来，外籍职业建筑师开始进入上海；逐渐形成新的职业群体。晚清在上海活动的外籍职业建筑师来自英、法、德、日、西班牙、美、挪威、澳大利亚8个国家，总数不少于109位，分属于48个建筑事务所。文章首先对其群体的发展概况进行探究，之后分析其群体特征和经营特点，最后对其活动及影响进行总结。晚清在沪外籍职业建筑师的活动与影响主要表现在：参与专业实践，营造大量洋风建筑；参与建筑法规的制定，规范建筑市场；成立专业学会，推动建筑师职业发展；接受晚清中央及地方政府聘请，助力晚清改革；引入西方建筑技术及制度，促进中国建筑业的近代化转型。

A Brief Discussion on the Group of Foreign Professional Architects in Shanghaiin the Late Qing Dynasty, 1843-1911

Since port opening, foreign professional architects began came to Shanghai. With their number's growing, a new professional group came into being. There were 47 foreign architects' offices in Shanghai during 1843 to 1911, with at least 108 foreign architects working in them. They came from Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Spain, USA, Norway and Australia. This paper explores the development of this group, analyses the characteristics of this group and their operating, and summaries their activities and effects. These foreign architects played an important role. They practiced not only in Shanghai but also in other places around China and built lots of western buildings. They made architectural policies of Shanghai and regulated Shanghai's building market. They found professional associations and promoted the professional development of Architects. They contributed a lot to the reform of Late Qing. They also brought in new building technologies and system and promoted the modernization of China's construction industry.