不同菌材栽培糙皮侧耳营养品质综合评价

摘 要：目的 分析不同菌材栽培糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)生长及营养品质差异，并对其营养品质进行综合评价。方法 以贵州5种常见菌材锥栗(Castanea henryi)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、光皮桦(Betula luminifera)、青冈(Quercus glauca)为主要培养料栽培糙皮侧耳，对糙皮侧耳菌丝生长、子实体主要农艺性状及营养品质进行分析。结果 糙皮侧耳在光皮桦培养基上菌丝生长速率更快，在锥栗和刺槐栽培基质中子实体主要农艺性状更好。刺槐栽培基质中糙皮侧耳子实体粗蛋白、Cu、Zn、K元素含量最高，锥栗栽培基质中糙皮侧耳子实体多糖、Na、Mg、Fe、Ca元素含量最高。以5种菌材栽培的糙皮侧耳子实体总氨基酸、必需氨基酸及总药用氨基酸均为刺槐>青冈>光皮桦>构树>锥栗。5种菌材栽培的糙皮侧耳子实体呈味氨基酸主要为甜味和苦味氨基酸，其中以光皮桦栽培的糙皮侧耳子实体鲜味和甜味氨基酸含量最高。必需氨基酸营养品质评价及营养品质综合评价结果表明刺槐栽培糙皮侧耳子实体综合营养品质更好。Fe、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、组氨酸、Zn和多糖是5种菌材栽培的糙皮侧耳子实体主要差异营养成分。相关性分析结果显示菌材营养成分主要与糙皮侧耳菌丝生长、子实体主要农艺性状和矿物质元素含量显著相关。结论 不同营养成分的菌材对糙皮侧耳子实体生长和营养品质的影响不同，刺槐更适合作为生产糙皮侧耳主栽菌材。

Comprehensive Evaluation of the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in different fungus-growing materials substrate

ABSTRACT：Objective To analyze the differences in growth and nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in different fungus-growing materials substrate and to evaluate their nutritional quality. Methods Five kinds of local fungus-growing materials in Guizhou, including Castanea henryi, Broussonetia papyrifera, Robinia pseudoacacia, Betula luminifera, and Quercus glauca, were used as the main sawdust cultivation substrates to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus. The mycelial growth, main agronomic traits of fruiting bodies, nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus were studied. Results The mycelial growth rate of Pleurotus ostreatus were faster on the medium of Betula luminifera, while the main agronomic traits of fruiting bodies were better in Castanea henryi and Robinia pseudoacacia sawdust cultivation substrates. The content of crude protein, Cu, Zn, and K elements of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in Robinia pseudoacacia sawdust cultivation substrates were the highest, while the content of polysaccharide content, Na, Mg, Fe, and Ca elements of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in Castanea henryi sawdust cultivation substrates had the highest. The total amino acids, indispensable amino acids, total medicinal amino acids of the five kinds of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies were all in the order of Robinia pseudoacacia>Quercus glauca>Betula luminifera>Broussonetia papyrifera>Castanea henryi. The main flavor amino acids of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies cultivated in five kinds of fungus-growing materials were mainly sweet and bitter amono acids, among which the Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies cultivated in Betula luminifera cultivation substrate had the highest content of umami and sweet amino acids. The evaluation of indispensable amino acid nutritional quality and the comprehensive evaluation of nutritional quality indicated that the comprehensive nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in Robinia pseudoacacia sawdust cultivation substrates was better. Fe, threonine, alanine, glutamic, arginine, aspartic acid, histidine, Zn, and polysaccharides were the main differential nutritional components of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies cultivated with five kinds of fungus-growing materials sawdust cultivation substrate. The correlation analysis results showed that the nutritional components of the fungus-growing materials were significantly correlated with the mycelial growth rate of Pleurotus ostreatus, the agronomic traits of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies, and mineral element content. Conclusion The effects of different nutritional quality of fungus-growing materials on the growth and nutritional quality of the Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body were different, while using Robinia pseudoacacia as the main sawdust cultivation substrates for caltivating Pleurotus ostreatus was the optimal.