稠油降粘方法概述

综述了目前常用的稠油 (包括特稠油和超稠油 )降粘方法 (包括掺稀油降粘、加热降粘、稠油改质降粘及化学降粘等四种 )的降粘原理及其优缺点。掺稀油降粘存在着稀油短缺及稠油与稀油间价格上的差异等不利因素 ;加热降粘则要消耗大量的热能 ,存在着较高的能量损耗和经济损失 ;改质降粘要求较为苛刻的反应条件 ,同时使用范围较窄 ;化学降粘使用范围相对较宽 (包括油层开采、井筒降粘、管道输送等领域 ) ,同时工艺简单 ,成本较低 ,易于实现。分析认为 ,采用化学降粘方法进行稠油降粘具有一定的优势 ,建议优先考虑。

OVERVIEW ON VISCOSITY REDUCING METHODS OF HEAVY OIL

The heavy oil, including special heavy oil and ultraheavy oil, visbreaking principles, merits and demerits, in common use visbreaking methods, i.e thin oil blending visbreaking, heating visbreaking, upgrading visbreaking and chemical visbreaking, were overviewed. Thin oil blending visbreaking exists the adverse factors when the thin oil is in short supply and the cost difference between heavy oil and thin oil. In addition, heating visbreaking needs a huge amout of thermal energy, so that the energy and economic loss is higher. Upgrading visbreaking needs hard reaction conditions and its application is limited. Chemical visbreaking possesses more application scope, including oil development and recovery, oil well visbreaking, pipeline transportation, and so on, and the technique conditions are simpler, the costs are lower and easy to achieve. Through the above analysis, the chemical visbreaking occupy a dominant position and take precedence over all others.