PE-C含量对PVC/ABS合金性能的影响

以回收的废弃电缆用软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)、新PVC和丙烯晴–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(ABS)为主要原料,以弹性体氯化聚乙烯(PE-C)为增容剂,通过熔融共混的方法制备了PVC/ABS合金,研究了PE-C含量对PVC/ABS合金相容性、力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,PE-C的加入明显提高了PVC与ABS的相容性,合金只有一个玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。随着PE-C含量的增加,合金的Tg总体呈现升高趋势,在试样刻蚀断面的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片中可以明显看到,ABS在PVC基体中的分散更加均匀,粒径更小,在试样冲击断面的SEM图片中可以看到冲击断面出现"网丝"现象,韧性断裂特征明显,PVC/ABS合金的拉伸强度和弯曲强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率不断升高,极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧等级呈下降趋势。当PE-C含量为8份时,PVC/ABS合金的综合性能最佳,拉伸强度为61.4MPa,弯曲强度为58.2MPa,断裂伸长率为45.3%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度为10.3kJ/m2,LOI保持在28%以上,同时垂直燃烧等级可达到V–1级别。

Effects of PE-C Content on Properties of PVC/ABS Alloys

The poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic (ABS) alloys were prepared by melt blending with the main raw materials of ABS,PVC and recycled soft PVC from waste cable,using elastomer chlorinated polyethylene (PE-C) as the compatibilizer. The effects of PE-C content on compatibility,mechanical properties and flame retardant properties of PVC/ABS alloy were studied. The results show that the addition of PE-C significantly improves the compatibility of PVC and ABS, the alloy has only one glass transition temperature (Tg). With the increase of the amount of PE-C addition,the Tg generally shows an upward trend,it is clearly seen in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the etched section of the sample that the dispersion of ABS in the PVC matrix is more uniform and the particle size is smaller,the SEM of the impact section of the sample is seen that the “mesh”phenomenon appeares in the impact section,and the ductile fracture characteristics are obvious,the tensile strength and flexural strength of PVC/ABS alloy increase firstly and then decrease,the Izod notched impact strength and elongation at break continuously increase,the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical combustion grade continue to decrease. When the amount of PE-C added is 8 phr,the comprehensive properties of PVC/ABS alloy are the best, the tensile strength is 61.4 MPa,the bending strength is 58.2 MPa,the elongation at break is 45.3%,the Izod notched impact strength is 10.3 kJ/m2,the LOI is still above 28%,and the vertical combustion grade reaches the V–1 level.