基于社交媒体数据的文化生态系统服务供需评估与优化研究——以苏州市为例

评估文化生态系统服务(CES)在空间上的供需平衡状况是将生态系统服务与人类福祉联系起来的关键。然而其无形性特征使其在空间上难以量化，因此在生态系统服务评估中常常被人们所忽视。基于社交媒体照片，整合多源数据，利用ArcGIS和MaxEnt模型，对苏州市内审美服务、历史文化服务、休闲娱乐服务3类CES的供需平衡状况进行了制图与评估。研究表明：苏州市供需失衡特征明显，其中历史文化类CES失衡区域面积占比最大，高达48.1%，其次审美类失衡区域面积占比38.4%，而休闲娱乐类失衡区域面积占比则为37.0%。在景区尺度上通过CES供需失衡分析，依据不同的失衡类型提出旅游地的CES供需空间调配的策略，进而为景观规划设计人员与地方决策者提供可践行的指导，以实现旅游空间结构优化及区域保护与开发的协同。

Research on the Supply and Demand Evaluationand Optimization of Cultural Ecosystem ServicesBased on Social Media Data: Taking Suzhou as anExample

Evaluating the balance between the supply and demandof cultural ecosystem services (CES) in space is the key to linkingecosystem services to human well-being. However, because itsinvisibility is difficult to quantify, it is often ignored in ecosystemservice evaluation. Based on social media photos, integratingmultisource data, and using ArcGIS and the MaxEnt model, thispaper maps and evaluates the supply and demand balance of threeCES of aesthetic services, historical and cultural services, andleisure and entertainment services in Suzhou. The result showsthat the imbalance between supply and demand in Suzhou isobvious, among which the historical and cultural CES imbalancearea accounts for the largest proportion, as high as 48.1%, and thenthe aesthetic imbalance area accounts for 38.4%, while the leisureand entertainment imbalance area accounts for 37.0%. Throughthe analysis of CES supply-demand imbalance at the scenic spotscale, the strategy of CES spatial allocation of tourist destinationsis proposed according to different imbalance types, which providespractical guidance for landscape planners and local decisionmakers, so as to realize the optimization of tourism spatial structureand the integration between regional protection and development.Keywords: landscape architecture; cultural ecosystem service;