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In situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite-grafted titanium nanotube composite |
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| Authors: | Mostafa Rezazadeh Shirdar Mohammad Mahdi Taheri Izman Sudin Arezou Shafaghat Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;2. Medical Devices &3. Technology Group, Faculty of Bioscience &4. Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia;5. UTM Construction Research Centre, Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia |
| Abstract: | ABSTRACTThe present study is an investigation to demonstrate the effectiveness of in situ approach in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite-grafted titanium nanotube composite (HA-TNT). This method involves combining the process of HA sol–gel and rapid breakdown anodisation of titanium in a novel solution consisting of NaCl and N3PO4. This new synthesis approach produced a uniform dispersion of Anatase and Rutile phases of TiO2 nanotubes with minimal agglomeration in the matrix of crystalline HA. The characterisation of homogenised HA-TNT composite was investigated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FESEM and TEM images indicated the nanostructure of composite with TiO2 nanotube diameter of approximately 10 nm. XRD and EDS analyses confirmed the formation of HA crystalline with the Ca/P ratio of 1.58 and formation of Anatase and Rutile phase of TiO2 nanotubes. |
| Keywords: | Titanium nanotubes rapid breakdown anodisation hydroxyapatite sol–gel composite |