内蒙古某尾矿库土壤重金属污染健康风险评价与来源解析

以内蒙古包头市境内某有色金属尾矿库周边表层土壤为研究对象，在尾矿库周边共布设44个土壤样品采集点，检测样品中重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd含量。采用重金属污染指数、USEPA健康风险评估模型、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析对土壤重金属污染程度、健康风险和土壤重金属来源进行研究。结果表明，五种重金属均值含量都高于河套地区背景值，尤其是Pb、Zn、Cd分别是背景值的3.64、2.36、3.25倍。重金属污染评价结果为研究区以Pb、Zn、Cd污染为主，但污染范围较小。健康风险评估结果为研究区土壤中五种重金属不会对人体造成健康风险。源解析分析结果为土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd含量主要受尾矿渣的影响，Cu、Cr主要受土壤母质影响，其次为交通运输影响。

Health Risk assessment and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Soil of a Tailings Dam in Inner Mongolia

This paper takes the surface soil around a non-ferrous metal tailings reservoir in Baotou City, Inner Mongolia as the research object. A total of 44 soil sample collection points are arranged around the tailings reservoir to detect the contents of heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Cd in the samples. The heavy metal pollution index, USEPA health risk assessment model, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were used to study the soil heavy metal pollution degree, health risk and soil heavy metal sources. The results show that the average content of the five heavy metals is higher than the background value of Hetao area, especially Pb, Zn, Cd are 3.64, 2.36, 3.25 times of the background value, respectively. The evaluation result of heavy metal pollution is that the study area is dominated by Pb, Zn and Cd pollution, but the pollution range is relatively small. The result of the health risk assessment is that the five heavy metals in the soil in the study area will not pose a health risk to the human body. Source analysis results show that the contents of Pb, Zn and Cd in the soil are mainly affected by the tailings slag, Cu and Cr are mainly affected by the soil parent material, followed by transportation.