核酸技术在食源性致病菌检测中的研究进展

食源性致病菌是威胁食品安全的重要因素之一，常见的种类主要包括致病性大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、李斯特菌、弯曲杆菌等。全方位、准确地实现对致病微生物的检测是保证食品安全的关键。传统的培养法和其他检测技术如免疫学检测、生物传感器等技术不同程序地存在针对目标单一、效率低、灵敏度差等问题。核酸技术则具有特异性强、高通量、分析角度全面等特点，近几年来得到了迅速的发展。本文主要介绍了利用PCR技术、等温扩增技术、第二、三代测序技术以及其他核酸技术对食源性致病菌检测的研究进展，并提出核酸技术在食源性致病菌检测方面的研究前景。旨在归纳已具备商业应用价值的核酸技术在食源性致病菌检测上的研究进展，并分析各技术的优势和不足，同时展望核酸检测技术的发展趋势。

Research progresses of nucleic acid technologies in the testing of food-borne pathogens

Foodborne pathogens are one of the most important factors in threatening the food safety. Major foodborne pathogens include the pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria and Campylobacter coli, etc. Comprehensive and accurate detection of pathogenic microorganisms is the key to ensure the food safety. Traditional detection methods of colonies incubation, and other detection technologies such as immunological detection and biosensor have disadvantages including single target, poor efficiency and low sensitivity to some extent. Nucleic acid technologies are characterized by strong specificity and high throughput with multi-perspectives, which have developed rapidly in recent years. This paper mainly introduced the detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria by PCR, isothermal amplification, high-throughput sequencing(HTS), single-molecule sequencing technology and other nucleic acid technologies, and proposed the perspectives on the application of these technologies in the future. The aim was to summarize the research progress of nucleic acid technology with commercial application value in pathogenic bacteria detection, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of them, and provide the perspectives of their development in the future.