考虑油膜润滑作用的渐开线齿轮动载荷分析

以渐开线齿轮为研究对象，综合考虑齿面摩擦和油膜润滑作用，结合油膜与粗糙峰共同承载理论建立齿轮系统动力学模型。为深入研究不同转速对齿轮动态特性的影响，给出基于最小势能原理的稳态载荷分布模型，并对比分析渐开线齿轮在不同转速下冲击载荷沿啮合线的分布规律。计算结果表明：润滑油膜对共振区的动载荷有一定程度的削弱作用；齿廓误差越大，冲击越明显；油膜刚度呈强非线性，且随着润滑油粘度的增加而增大；低速时，冲击动载荷均值接近稳态分布，但在单双齿啮合交替点有明显波动；随着转速的升高，高频冲击衰减，动载荷和相对线位移逐渐呈现周期波动；随着螺旋角的增加，动载荷趋于平稳，且幅值有所降低。啮合初始段，摩擦因数较高；退出啮合段，动载荷减小，油膜变厚，摩擦因数明显降低。随着粗糙度的增加，粗糙峰接触比例升高，摩擦因数变大。

Dynamic Loading Analysis of Involute Gears Considering Lubrication Performance

The load-sharing concept is applied to the dynamic loading model for involute gears, considering the friction and lubrication behavior. To analyze the effect of speed on the dynamic load distribution along line of action, the results are compared with the static model based on the minimum elastic potential energy criterion. The results show that the oil film could weaken the impact load at the resonating speed effectively, while the profile errors make it serious. The film stiffness exhibits strong non-liner characteristics, especially with high ambient viscosity. At lower speed, the dynamic load in average is close to the static model except some visible impacts at the transition points where one-pair-tooth join in meshing or disengage. As speed increases, the impact vibration with high frequency becomes weak, at the same time the dynamic load and relative displacement change more and more periodically. Enhancing the helical angle in some level could reduce the impact phenomenon and the dynamic load peak consequently decreases. The friction coefficient appears higher at the beginning, but with the decreasing dynamic load, the film becomes thicker and the contact ratio of asperities is lower, which leads to a smaller friction coefficient. The rougher the surface is, the higher the friction coefficient would be.