纳米银的来源及其影响污水和污泥处理的研究进展

近年来随着纳米银生产和使用的逐渐增多,导致环境中纳米银的浓度逐渐升高。物质流分析表明,大部分的纳米银将随污水进入污水处理厂,进而富集到污泥中。鉴于纳米银的抗菌性,其可能会对污水处理系统中的微生物产生影响。本文首先系统介绍了环境水体中纳米银的不同来源(即天然来源和人为来源),着重总结了目前对其影响污水和污泥处理系统的研究,即对污水中碳、氮、磷的去除效率和污泥厌氧消化过程的影响,并进一步分析了其对这一过程中微生物的毒性作用,探讨了其毒性效应的来源及作用机理,最后对该领域的研究进行了展望。综述内容为深入研究纳米银对污水和污泥处理系统的潜在风险提供了一定的理论基础。

Source of silver nanoparticles and its influence on sewage and sludge treatment

In recent years,the production and use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gradually increased,resulting in higher concentration of AgNPs in the environment. Material flow analysis shows that most of AgNPs in wastewater enter into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs),and finally accumulate in the sludge. Due to the antibacterial property,AgNPs might have adverse effects on microorganisms involved in WWTPs. This paper comprehensively summarizes different sources of AgNPs in water systems (i.e. natural and artificial sources),potential risks to wastewater and sludge treatment facilities,such as the effects on removal efficiencies of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus and anaerobic sludge digestion,and the underlying mechanisms of their toxicities to microorganisms involved in WWTPs. Finally,the development direction of this research field is also discussed. These results can provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the potential risks of AgNPs to wastewater and sludge treatment systems.