光频标和光频测量研究的历史、现状和未来

本文综合评述了光频标和光频测量研究的历史、现状和未来。在上世纪最后的30年间，光频标已达到10^-11-10^-13量级的准确度，使长度单位“米”进行了重新定义，实际上成为时间单位秒的“导出单位”。最近三年来，该领域的研究出现了重大突破。这是由于飞秒锁模激光技术与光频测量技术两者出人意外的结合，使微波频标与光频标之间建立了简易可行的联系，使光频标的准确度和实用性达到了前所未有的高度，成为计量学和物理学中一个新的亮点。它的进一步发展必将给计量学和物理学带来深远的影响。

History,present situation and future of optical frequency standard and optical frequency measurements

The history, present situation and future of optical frequency standards and optical frequency measurements were presented. The uncertainty of optical frequency standards has come up to 10-11 ~ 10-14. In this way, length unit 'meter' became the derived unit of time unit 'second'. Recently, there was a great breakthrough in this field. The unexpected link of femtosecond mode-locked laser and optical frequency measurement technology make a simple relation between microwave standards and optical frequency standards. Frequency measurements get easier and more accurate because of this relation. This is a new brilliancy in metrology and physics.