反向胶团或微乳液在超细颗粒制备中的应用

本文对近年来应用反向胶团或w／o微乳液制备纳米级超细颗粒的研究进展作了评述，包括反胶团内的沉淀、胶体催化剂、半导体、磁性及陶瓷材料的制备等．针对不同的制备目标，选择恰当的表面活性剂与助表面活性剂以及胶团组成，得到具有良好微观结构的反胶团或微乳液是该方法的应用基础．从工程角度看，解决反胶团极性水核内的金后离子容量问题是该方法获得突破性进展的关键．文中提出了应用在反胶团内沉淀的方法合成纳米级氧化物陶瓷粉的可行性，并始出结合溶剂萃取过程中的反胶团现象，直接制备所需要的氧化物陶瓷粒体是获得工业应用的捷径．

APPLICATION OF REVERSED MICELLES AND W/O MICROEMULSIONS IN THE PREPARATION OF ULTRAFINE PARTICLES

In this paper, a review is presented focusing on the application of reversed micelles or w/o microemulsions to synthesizing nano-sized ultrafine particles, including precip itation in reversed micelles, preparation of colloidal catalysts, preparation of semi-conductors, magnetic particles and ceramic powders, etc. The key point of these applications is that, reversed micelles or w/o microemulsions used for the preparation of different objectives should have well-characterized, closed structure by appropriate selection of surfactants, cosurfactants and the micellar composition as well. However, from the engineering point of view, a break through of this method relies on resolving the problem of solubilizing capacity of metal ions in the polar water core of reversed micelles. The possibility of producing nano-sized oxide ceramic powders by precipitation in reversed micelles is also addressed. It is pointed out that the integration of solvent extraction having reversed micellar phenomenon to process directly the needed oxide ceramic powders may be a shortest way for this method to be applied in industry.