改善钢铁材料摩擦学行为的表面织构研究现状

钢铁材料广泛应用于诸多工程领域，但其耐磨性差，源于材料表面的摩擦会引起磨损损伤、阻力大、噪声污染等问题，从而导致材料损伤或失效，影响部件局部或整体的正常使用。在材料表面形成表面织构可有效实现减摩/抗磨、减阻、降噪的效果，从而达到改善钢铁材料摩擦学行为的目的。综述了表面织构在改善钢铁材料摩擦学行为方面的研究现状，对钢铁材料表面减摩/抗磨、减阻和降噪表面织构的设计与研究进行了分析与比较，简要阐述了相关机理。干摩擦和润滑条件下，表面织构通过发挥捕捉磨屑、储存润滑剂、流体动压润滑的作用来实现减摩/抗磨；与流体和空气摩擦时，表面织构通过产生二次涡达到减小表面与流体/空气接触面积等作用实现减阻和降噪。最后，展望了能够改善钢铁材料摩擦学行为的表面织构的相关研究思路和方法。

Recent Developments in Improving Tribological Behaviors of Iron and Steel via Surface Texturing

Iron and steel materials have been extensively widely used in various engineering fields, however, iron and steel materials generally exhibit poor wear resistance. Meanwhile, friction originated from the material surface can induce problems of wearing damage, high resistance and strong noise during operations. The mentioned problems can cause damage or failure of materials and exert deleterious effect on normal operation of partial or whole assembly units, and then reduce the working efficiency and produce noise pollution. It has been confirmed that surface texture formed on the surface of materials can have a positive influence on the tribological behavior of iron and steel materials and achieve effective friction/wear resistance, drag reduction, noise reduction, etc. The studies and applications of surface texture for improving tribological behaviors of iron and steel materials were reviewed. The design and research of surface texture on friction/wear resistance, drag reduction and noise reduction were analyzed and compared. The relevant mechanisms of the above effects belonging to certain surface texture were also briefly expounded. Under dry friction and lubrication conditions, the special functions of friction/wear resistance derived from surface texture lie in the effects of wear debris capture, lubricant storage and hydrodynamic lubrication. During the friction with fluid and air, drag and noise reductions are realized through generating secondary vortex on the surface by surface texture, which can reduce the contact area between materials and fluid/air. At last, the prospect of surface texturing related research ideas and methods that can improve the tribological behaviors of iron and steel materials were presented.