我国水库大坝安全与管理的实践和面临的挑战

目前我国的大坝安全与管理已经取得较大进展,水平也有较大提高.但在新世纪依然面临着严峻挑战,我国病险水库除险任重道远;制度化、法规化、科学化的管理体制有待建设完善;面广量大的小型水库的安全问题已经成为防洪保安体系中最薄弱的环节,亟待解决;专业技术人员的数量和素质有待提高;水库大坝风险管理技术、除险综合优化技术、小型水库大坝评价和加固技术、除险效果的评价技术等安全与管理技术需要加强研究.因此,建议加速业主制度建设和区域性安全管理模式的探索、进一步加强法规建设、加强国际合作、引进和推广先进管理模式.

Reservoir & Dam Safety Management Practices and Challenges Faced by China

Dam safety management has achieved a great progress in China till now. However we still face new challenges in the new century and our tasks of alleviating danger of ill reservoirs are demanding, as there are still imperfection existed in the management system that should be more systematic, regulative and scientific, and weak points exist in flood control of small reservoirs, which in great number and distributed in large areas. The number and quality of professionals and technical workers need to be increased. Further studies are needed on technologies of dam risk management, optimized and integrated risk control, small reservoirs dam evaluation and strengthening, and assessment of risk control results and so on. Thus it is recommended to quicken the process of establishing an owner responsible system and searching for a regional safety management mode, to reinforce legal system and international cooperation, and introduce and extend advanced management models.