绿化和建筑布局对住宅小区的风热环境影响的数值模拟分析

良好的住宅小区风热环境可以加快室外热量的消散和污染物排放,保证居民的健康和舒适。影响小区风热环境的因素主要有小区布局、建筑形态及下垫面形式等。以青岛市一个实际小区为案例采用数值模拟的方法分析小区冬夏季行人高度的风场及温度场分布,评估设计的合理性,找出小区内风热环境不满足要求的区域。通过调整小区内建筑的布局和改变下垫面形式等方法改进小区的设计,并对改进后的方案进行模拟计算。通过模拟结果的对比发现:1合理布局建筑位置,在小区内形成风道可有效改善风环境;2改变下垫面热物性,提高地面材料的反射率,能够降低地面附近的空气温度和体感温度,改善小区热环境。

Simulation of Vegetation and Building Layout Optimization Effect on the Wind and Thermal Environment in Residential District

A good wind and thermal environment of residential districts can speed up the outdoor heat and pollutant dissipation, as well as ensure the comfort and health of residents. The thermal environment in residential districts is affected mainly by layout form, building shape, underlying surface characteristics, etc. A residential area located in Qingdao is studied. Numerical simulations of the wind and temperature distribution of the residential district in summer are adopted to evaluate the rationality of the original design. Then, an improved design is proposed to meet the relevant provisions of evaluation mark of the green building on residential wind and thermal environment through appropriate adjustments of the building layout and the underlying surface characteristics. From the comparison between the simulation results of original and improved designs, it can be concluded that: ① Setting ventilation aisles in the residential area by adjusting building layout can improve the comfort level of wind environment.②Changing the thermal performance of underlying surface materials (such as tree, artificial lake, lawn, etc.) for increasing the reflectivity of the ground material could reduce the ground surface temperature and the sendible temperature in summer to improve thermal comfort of the residential district.