燃烧和传热与电站锅炉节能的关系

为了有效利用能源,提高电站锅炉的热经济性,特对锅炉(火用)损失及(火用)效率的影响因素:燃料特性,燃烧温度,蒸汽参数,传热温差以及各项热损失,进行了较全面的研究分析,从而得出了燃烧与传热所导致的不可逆损失,是我国当前电站锅炉(火用)损失的关键.并指出强化燃烧,适当减少辐射换热,提高锅炉炉膛温度;增加工质压力,提高工质的吸热平均温度;减小换热介质间的热力学平均温差;同时注意蒸汽参数的恰当合理匹配,则是提高电站锅炉(火用)效率、节约能源的主要途径.

COMBUSTION AND HEAT TRANSFER AND ENERGY ECONOMY IN POWER STATIONS

For the purpose of making use of energy and improving the boiler heat economy in power stations, this paper thoroughly studies and analysizes the influential factors of boiler exergy loss and exergy efficiency, namely, the fuel characteristics, the combustion temperature, the steam parameters, the heat transfer temperature difference and the other heat loss. The author also shows that the irreversible loss caused by combustion and heat transfer is the key factor in exergy loss of the boiler in our power stations, and points that they are the main methods of raising the energy efficiency and saving energy in power stations, such as enhancing combustion, decreasing the radiation heat transfer, raising the furnace temperature for heat absorption of the actuating medium, increasing the actuating medium pressure, lowering the thermodynamic average temperature and paying attention to the proper match of the steam parameters.