大客车翻滚碰撞性能研究与改进设计

大客车在高速公路上翻车是造成人员伤亡较多的一种常见交通事故。为研究某大客车的耐撞性,应用有限元法建立了该车骨架的仿真模型,并运用模态对比法验证了模型的可靠性。按照欧洲ECE R66标准的要求模拟了该车的翻滚过程,计算了翻滚后的变形量,分析了产生局部变形过大的主要原因。对车身局部结构进行了改进设计,使其翻滚碰撞性能得到提高。应用该方法可以在概念设计阶段就能预测出该车身结构的耐撞性并提高设计质量、节约开发成本。

Crashworthiness Research and Improvement Design of a Passenger Bus Under Rolling-crash

The rolling-crash of a passenger bus is a common transportation accident on express highways, which has led to a large number of casualties. To study the crashworthiness of a passenger bus, we built a framework simulation model of the bus body by using finite element method. Then, its reliability was estimated by using contrast method. According to the Europe ECE R66 standard, we simulated the process of a roll crash, calculated its deformation after the roll crash, and analysed the main reasons for the local large deformation. Lastly, the erashworthiness for rolling crashes was improved greatly by optimizing the local frame structure. The simulation method for predicting body crashworthiness is effective, especially during concept design, and can ensure low cost and high quality.