加强筋截面类型对轨道车辆板件结构隔声影响研究

针对轨道车辆轻量化设计后可能带来的隔声性能降低问题,研究不同截面加强筋铺设对板件隔声性能的改善效果。基于混合有限元-统计能量分析(Hybrid FE-SEA)方法建立轨道车辆加筋板结构隔声特性预测分析模型,系统分析T型、L型、I型和矩形加强筋截面类型对板件隔声性能的影响。研究结果表明,加筋板的刚度和1阶固有频率皆比均质板大,且随加强筋厚度的增大而增大;当加强筋厚度恒定时,T型加筋板的刚度和1阶固有频率最大,L型加筋板次之;敷设厚度15 mm的加强筋,板件的隔声性能最佳;当加强筋的质量、厚度、腹板面积及尺寸、翼板面积相等时,各类型加筋板的计权隔声量Rw差异不大;板件加筋后,刚度控制区的隔声量增幅3 dB~17 dB,1 250 Hz~4 000 Hz中高频段的隔声量增幅1 d B~6 d B。综合分析可知,以计权隔声量为评价标准时,在加强筋质量、腹板面积、翼板面积及尺寸相等时,敷设厚度15 mm加强筋,板件的隔声性能最佳,Rw较均质板可提高1.4 dB~1.5 dB,而加强筋厚度恒定时,T型和L型加筋板的刚度又最佳。相关研究成果可为轨道车辆板件结构加筋优化提供设计参考。

Study on Effects of Stiffener Section Types on Sound Insulation of Railway Vehicle’s Panel Structures

In view of the reduction of sound insulation performance due to the lightweight design of railway vehicles, the effect of different stiffener sections on the sound insulation enhancement is studied. The prediction model of sound insulation characteristics of stiffened plate for railway vehicles was built based on the hybrid method of finite element and statistical energy analysis (Hybrid FE-SEA), and the effects of stiffener sections on the sound insulation characteristics of the plate were systematically analyzed. The section types include T-type, L-type, I-type and rectangular type. The results show that the stiffness and the first natural frequency of the stiffened plate are larger than that of the homogeneous plate, and increase with the increase of stiffener thickness. When the stiffener thickness is constant, the stiffness and the first natural frequency of the T stiffened plate are the largest, and the L stiffened plate is second. Laying thickness of 15mm stiffener, the sound insulation performance of plate is the best. When the mass, thickness, web area and size, wing area of the stiffeners are equal, there is little difference in the weighted sound transmission loss of various types of stiffened plates. In addition, after the panel is reinforced, the sound insulation at the stiffness control zone is increased by 3~17 dB, and the sound insulation between 1250~4000 Hz frequency bands is increased by 1~6 dB. Comprehensive analysis indicates that taking weighted sound insulation is used as the evaluation standard, the thickness of stiffener is 15mm when the stiffener mass, web area, wing area and size are equal, and the sound insulation performance of the plate is the best, Rw is 1.4~1.5 dB higher than that of the homogeneous plate, and the stiffness of T-type and L-type stiffened plates is the best when the stiffener thickness is constant. The related research results can provide reinforced optimization design reference for plate of railway vehicles.