自噬在病毒性肺炎中的研究进展

自噬作为一种高度保守的真核细胞内成分的回收和降解过程，其在细胞饥饿应答、维持细胞正常活动和肺脏组织的特定功能中发挥着重要作用。当细胞由于生理、病理和化学因素而被损伤时，自噬体和溶酶体融合产生大量自噬溶酶体，从而诱导自噬过程的启动，这有利于保护细胞免受伤害。近年研究发现，自噬相关信号通路与多种病毒性肺炎，如，甲型H1N1猪流感病毒、高致病性禽流感病毒（H5N1）、严重急性呼吸综合症（SARS）、中东呼吸综合症（MERS）和新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的发生发展高度相关。本文将对这五种对中国乃至世界产生巨大影响的病毒性肺炎进行介绍，并阐述自噬在其中发挥的作用机制，旨在为靶向自噬治疗病毒性肺炎提供理论依据和有效的方法手段进行探讨。

Research progress of autophagy in viral pneumonia

Autophagy, as a highly conserved process of recovery and degradation of eukaryotic components, plays an important role in cell hunger response, maintenance of normal cell activity and specific functions in lung tissue. When cells are damaged due to physiological, pathological or chemical factors, autophagosomes and lysosomes fuse to produce a large number of autophagosomes, thus inducing the initiation of autophagy process, which is beneficial to protect cells from injury. Recent studies have found that autophagy related signaling pathways are highly correlated with the occurrence and development of a variety of viral pneumonia, such as swine influenza A (H1N1) virus, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) and new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). This paper will introduce the five viral pneumonia that have a great impact on China and even the whole world, and elaborate the mechanism of autophagy in these disease. Hopefully it could provide theoretical basis and effective methods and means for targeted autophagy treatment of viral pneumonia.