玄武岩纤维原料特征分析

玄武岩纤维是以天然玄武岩为主要原料,经熔融和快速拉丝工艺制备而成的连续纤维材料,其性能受原料影响较大,且并非所有玄武岩均可直接制备玄武岩纤维。立足于玄武岩纤维原料的优选与标准化调配,以14个纤维及20个岩石样品的化学成分为基础,综合分析其化学组分、矿物组成、岩石性能、熔体结构与性质等特征。从氧化物组分类别及其摩尔比例、酸度系数、矿物组成、碱性岩种类、铝饱和程度、熔体解聚度与粘度关系等角度对可拉丝原料特征进行了归纳。结果表明,一般用于纤维生产的原料为氧化物组成摩尔分数范围RO₂=0.58~0.75、R₂O₃=0.15~0.20、RO=0.18~0.30(R为阳离子),酸度系数为3.5~5.8,非晶或隐晶质的钙碱性、偏铝质岩石,其主要矿物为斜长石和单斜辉石,不含石英、橄榄石、刚玉等高熔点矿物,通常其熔体的解聚度NBO/T为0.2~0.4、粘度lgη为0.5~1.4 Pa·s。

Analysis of Basalt Fiber Raw Material Characteristics

Basalt fiber is a kind of continuous fiber material prepared by melting and followed fast drawing process from raw basalt ore, whose properties depend strongly on its raw materials, and not all of basalt is suitable for fiber production.The present work aims to provide useful information for the optimization and standardization of the raw materials for basalt fiber production. Based on the chemical composition of 14 fibers and 20 rocks, the characteristics of chemical components, mineralogy, lithology, melt properties and structure were analyzed comprehensively in this work. A series of limited conditions, including classes and molar fraction of the oxide components, acidity coefficient, mineral composition, types of alkaline rocks, saturation of alumina, relations between depolymerization degrees and viscosity of the melts were generalized. The result shows that the amorphous or cryptocrystalline, calc-alkaline, and metaluminous rock composed of plagioclase and clinopyroxene without quartz, olivine, corundum is suitable for fiber production. Moreover, oxides molar fraction and acidity coefficient of the raw rock are RO₂=0.58 to 0.75, R₂O₃=0.15 to 0.20, RO=0.18 to 0.30 (R stands for cations), and 3.5 to 5.8, respectively. For the silicate melts, NBO/T is 0.2 to 0.4, and lgη is 0.5 Pa·s to 1.4 Pa·s, respectively.