水电开发条件下自然保护区管理的实践创新——以长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区为例

为协调金沙江下游的水电开发与鱼类生态保护,国家设立了长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区。系统介绍了自2005年以来,各级政府主管部门、相关科研设计机构和中国长江三峡集团有限公司在金沙江下游共同开展的保护区管理工作,工作内容包括保护区机构与基础设施建设、渔民安置、鱼类增殖放流、水生态监测与生态保护相关科研等多个方面。在保护区建设与管理中,参与各方首次构建了规划策划-实施运行-监测评估-管理改进(Plan-Do-Check-Act,PDCA)的适应性管理机制,开创了“企-政-地-研”多方共同参与的保护区工作格局。该管理机制的实践创新有效协调了水电开发与鱼类生态保护,秉持“生态优先”原则,贯彻“自然恢复”理念,为自然保护区管理中各方良好协作、高效实时调整提供了新的思路。

Practical Innovation of Nature Reserve Management under Hydropower Development: Case of the National Rare and Endemic Fishes Nature Reserve in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River

The Chinese government has established a Rare and Unique Fish National Nature Reserve in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to coordinate between hydropower development and fish ecological protection in the lower reaches of Jinsha River. In this paper, we expound systematically the management of nature reserve carried out jointly by government departments, scientific research and engineering design institutes, and China Three Gorges Group since 2005 in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. The joint work include the construction of departments and infrustructure of the protection area, the arrangements for fishing population, the enhancement and releasing of fishes, water ecology monitoring, as well as scientific researches related to ecological protection. All parties set up an adaptive management mechanism of Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA), and created a protection pattern involving enterprises, government, locality, and institutes. Such innovation in nature reserve management effectively coordinates between hydropower development and fish ecological protection by adhering to the principle of “ecology as priority” and implementing “natural recovery”. The practice provides a new idea for better multi-party cooperation and efficient adjustment in the management of nature reserves.