不同冷却方式对激光加工CFRP的影响研究

为了探索不同冷却方式对激光加工的影响,采用水、气体以及水气复合3种不同冷却方式辅助激光加工碳纤维复合材料进行了对比研究,同时采用单因素实验研究了不同工艺条件对加工质量的影响,并分析了作用机理。结果表明,在3种冷却方式下,热影响区、槽深均随着功率、频率的降低而降低,随着扫描速率的增加而降低;在相同工艺参数下,水气复合辅助激光加工产生的热影响区最小,气体辅助激光加工产生的热影响区次之,水辅助激光加工产生的热影响区最大;当激光功率为2250 W、频率为1200 Hz、速率为120 mm/s时,水、气体以及水气复合3种不同冷却方式的热影响区分别为378μm, 283μm, 196μm,槽深分别为401μm, 789μm, 647μm;采用水气复合辅助激光加工可以在加工过程中实现较好的冷热平衡,获得最好的加工质量。该研究为更好地实现碳纤维复合材料低损伤加工提供了参考。

Research on effect of laser machining of CFRP with different cooling methods

In order to explore the influence of different cooling methods on laser machining, three different cooling methods of water, gas, and gas-water composite were used to assist laser processing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics. At the same time, the effect of different processing conditions on machining quality was studied by a single factor experiment, and the mechanism of different cooling methods was analyzed. The results show that the heated affected zone (HAZ) and groove depth decrease with the decrease of power and frequency and decrease with the increase of velocity. Under the same process parameters, the HAZ produced by gas-water-assisted laser processing is the smallest, followed by gas-assisted laser processing and the largest by water-assisted laser processing. When the laser power is 2250 W, the frequency is 1200 Hz, and the speed is 120 mm/s, the HAZ of water, gas, and water-gas composite cooling modes are 378 μm, 283 μm, 196 μm, respectively, and the groove depth is 401 μm, 789 μm, 647 μm, respectively. It can be seen from the comprehensive comparison that gas-water-assisted laser machining can achieve a better balance between heat and cold and obtain the best processing quality. This study provides a reference for better realization of low-damage machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastics.