后处理厂应急操作干预水平分析与计算

操作干预水平是依据防护最优化原则制定的,它是以环境监测数据来实施响应行动,使防护行动满足实际应急需求。因此操作干预水平作为事故应急响应的重要依据,是后处理厂应急预案中关键一环。本文根据后处理厂操作干预水平制定的特点,分别采用以可避免剂量和预期剂量导出操作干预水平的两种方法,计算后处理厂操作干预水平。其中采用可避免剂量作为隐蔽、撤离的防护行动准则,计算得到后处理厂严重事故操作干预水平OIL₁计算结果数值很小,在常用γ剂量率仪的探测限以下。以俄罗斯Tomsk红油爆炸事故源项为例,使用可避免剂量导出操作干预水平的计算方法,得到了操作干预水平OIL₁、OIL₂和OIL₃的值,可以为后处理厂场外公众防护行动提供指导,完善后处理厂应急准备和管理。

Analysis and Calculation of Operational Intervention Level for Emergency in Reprocessing Plants

The operational intervention level is based on the principle of radiation protection optimization. It uses environmental monitoring data to implement response actions, so that protective actions meet actual emergency needs. As an important basis for emergency response, the operational intervention level is, therefore, a key link in the spent fuel reprocessing plant emergency plan. According to the characteristics of reprocessing plant operational intervention level, we adopt two methods to derive it's value, with the avoidable dose and the expected dose employed respectively. With the avoidable dose used as the protective action criterion for concealment and eevacuatio, the calculated value of OIL1 for the operational intervention level of serious accidents in reprocessing plants is very small, and below the detection limit of commonly used gamma dose rate meters. Taking the Russian Tomsk red oil explosion accident as the source term, we obtained the values of OIL₁, OIL₂ and OIL₃ using the method of avoidable dose. It can provide guidance for off-site public protection actions, improve emergency preparedness and management, in reprocessing plants.