山药功能性成分及药理作用研究进展

山药作为我国传统药食同源植物，也是健康食品的重要原料。山药中含有多糖、皂苷、多酚、蛋白质、微量元素等多种功能性成分，且大量研究已经证实山药具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老、降血糖、降血脂以及调脾胃等多种功效。因此，山药在医药、保健品和食品等诸多领域具有较好的开发潜力和应用前景。近年来，山药功能性成分提取分离和药理作用受到国内外学者的广泛关注。不同种类、不同提取分离方法，都会影响山药的功能性成分结构及其功效。本文系统综述了山药功能性成分及其热点的药理作用，以期拓宽山药在多领域、多行业中的应用范围，剖析功能性成分与药效间的相互关系，为山药功能性食品和保健药品的开发和利用提供参考。

Advances in Studies on Functional Components and Pharmacological Effects of Dioscorea opposita Thunb

Dioscorea opposita Thunb, as homologous plant of traditional medicine and food in our country, is the important raw material for healthy food. D. opposita maily contains variety of functional components such as polysaccharides, saponins, polyphenols, proteins, and trace elements. Many researchers have confirmed that D. opposita has the effects of immune regulation, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipids, and regulating the spleen and stomach. Consequently, D. opposita has good development potential and application prospects in the fields of medicine, health and food products. Recently, the extraction, separation and pharmacological effects of functional components from D. opposita have been drawing much attention from scholars around the world. However, different species, different extraction and separation methods affect the structure and efficacy of functional components. This paper systematically reviews the functional components and the hottest pharmacological effects of D. opposita to broaden the application scope of D. opposita in many fields and industries, and analyze the relationship between functional components and efficacy, to provide a reference for the development and utilization of D. opposita functional food and health medicine.