Raman fiber lasers for optical communication application

We review the principle and characteristics of cascaded Raman fiber lasers in their telecommunication applications. The fundamentals of Raman fiber lasers are described, such as pumping scheme, fiber type and reflectors. We explain simple equations forcw laser operation as well as a possible way to calculate spectral width. We investigate the common issues in the use of Raman fiber lasers: theoretical optimization, control of the linewidth, suppression level of the other Stokes orders and relative intensity noise. Finally the more complex multiple-wavelength Raman fiber lasers are reviewed.