考虑走廊人流影响的建筑火灾人员疏散研究

当前进行的人员疏散研究往往只是单独研究房间内的人员疏散至房间出口的过程,或是单独研究走廊内的人员疏散情况,而很少有将房间与走廊视为整体而进行的研究,研究火灾下房间与走廊整体疏散的情况更是少见。而在实际火灾中,人员并非疏散至房间出口即到达安全状态,往往需要从房间内疏散至走廊尽头的安全出口,此时走廊中的人流会对房间内人员的出口选择以及出口处的拥堵现象的严重程度带来很大影响,所以将房间与走廊视为整体进行疏散研究是很有必要的。对元胞自动机模型进行改进,引进走廊人流方向对于房间内人员路径选择的影响,通过Python建立包含房间与走廊的人员疏散模型,对不同的走廊宽度,房间数量以及房间内的人员密度分别进行模拟,得到火灾下房间与走廊整体的一些疏散特征,特征产生的原因主要是因为走廊人流的方向改变了房间不同出口对于房间内人员的吸引力。

Study on the Overall Evacuation in Fire Considering the Flow of People In Corridor

The current researches on evacuation of people usually focuse on the process of people evacuated from room to the exit of the room,or the process of people's evacuation in corridor.There is few researches considers rooms and corridor as a whole during the process of people's evacuation,even less in fire situation.However,during the actual fire disaster,it is not enough for people to be only evacuated to the exit of the room.They usually need to be evacuated from the room to the safe exit which is at the end of the corridor.So,the flow of people in the corridor will definitely influence the exit choice of people who are in rooms and the congestion situation at the exit will also be influenced.So it is necessary to consider rooms and corridor as a whole during the evacuation.In this paper,the cellular automaton model was improved,the influence of the direction of the pedestrian flow on the path selection of the people in rooms was introduced,and the evacuation model including rooms and the corridor was established in Python.The width of the corridor,number of rooms and density of the personnel in the room were simulated respectively.The simulation was carried out to obtain some evacuation features of the whole rooms and corridor under fire.All these features occur basically because the direction of flow in corridor influences the exits'attraction to persons in room.