Characterization of the effect of Froude number on surface waves and heat transfer in inclined turbulent open channel water flows |
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Authors: | B. Freeze N. Morley M. Abdou |
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Affiliation: | UCLA, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Fusion Science and Technology Center, 44-114 Engineering IV, P.O. Box 951597, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA |
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Abstract: | Interfacial heat transport in open channel turbulent flows is strongly dependent on surface waves that can appear as a result of the interaction of bulk turbulence with the free surface. The paper describes wave/heat transfer phenomena in inclined turbulent open surface water flows. The experiments were conducted in a regime of transition from “weak” to “strong” turbulence, in which the stabilizing influences of gravity and surface tension are relatively small against the disturbing effects of turbulence. A key role of the Froude number, Fr⊥, built through the surface-normal component of g has been revealed. As Fr⊥ grows, the wave amplitude grows, and the frequency spectrum shifts towards shorter waves. These changes lead to a heat transfer improvement, enough to double the heat transfer coefficient. The experimental data have been compared with calculations based on a “K-ε” model. As a result, the range of applicability of the standard model has been established as Fr⊥<2000. The turbulent Prandtl number has been evaluated for Fr⊥<700. |
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Keywords: | Turbulence Free surface Heat transfer Waves Turbulent Prandtl number |
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