盐岩中能源(石油和天然气)地下储存库稳定性评价标准研究

由于盐岩属于一类特殊的岩体，储存库的稳定性分析的评价标准与其他岩体有差别，在各国并没有统一的标准和设计规范，多数是用数值计算的方法来评价储存库的稳定性。主要做法是根据具体的储存库及其岩体力学特性，预先设置储存库稳定性的一些标准，然后对盐岩及其相关的岩石进行大量的试验研究，得到所需要的计算参数，最后通过数值计算来确定储存库的稳定性。系统地提出了盐岩中能源储存库的稳定性研究的内容和评判标准，这些标准归纳起来有3个方面，即：(1)储存库稳定性标准如不允许出现片邦，不允许出现蠕变破坏、安全矿柱和地面沉降控制准则；(2)储存库密封性标准如最大内压控制准则；(3)储存库可使用性标准如储存库体积收敛性。同时给出一个算例，以说明如何评价储存库的稳定性，并说明对储存库稳定性评判标准可以根据具体的情况做必要的修改。

INVESTIGATIONS ON EVALUATING CRITERIA OF STABILITIES FOR ENERGY (PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS) STORAGE CAVERNS IN ROCK SALT

Because of special mechanical behaviors of rock salt,evaluating criteria of stabilities have fundamental differences between energy (petroleum and gas) storage caverns in salt and in rock formations;and there are no unified criteria and design regulations for storage cavern in rock salt worldwide.The stabilities of caverns are evaluated by means of numerical analysis methods such as FEM or FLAC.Generally,most evaluations of stabilities for caverns in rock salt are carried out as follows:Firstly some criteria of caverns are set up on basis of the caverns and mechanical behaviors of rocks associated with rock salt and caprocks;Then experiments for rock salt and other rocks such as rockcap are performed,and some parameters concerned with calculation are gained;Finally analysis and evaluation for the stabilities of storage caverns could be conducted by means of the results of numerical calculation and simulation.The contents and evaluating criteria of stabilities for storage caverns in rock salt are proposed;and some formulas associated with evaluation of stabilities are given.These criteria can be divided into three aspects:(1) criteria of stabilities such as no walls spalling,no creep rupture,safe pillar control,and subsidence control on the ground;(2) criteria of tightness such as maximal interior pressure control principle;(3) and criteria of usage such as convergence rate control for caverns.Control values of stability evaluation are given according to engineering experiences for operation of some storage caverns,the utilizing ratio of strength around the cavern is no more than 40%-50% as control value of no wall spalling,and the variation of strain around the cavern is no more than 3% in Germany as control value of no creep rupture,for instances.Meanwhile,a sample in China is given.In the sample it states how to evaluate stabilities for the caverns,but it is emphasized that some aspects of the criteria are maybe modified on basis of different properties for storage caverns and rock salt.