盐矿水溶开采地表塌陷发生机理及防治措施

水溶开采诱发地表塌陷是盐矿开采中常见的地质灾害现象,具有突发性强、破坏程度大、持续时间长等特点。系统分析了近几十年来盐矿地表塌陷的典型实例,指出溶腔不稳定造成的垮塌、卤水及地下水侵蚀诱发断层活化以及上覆岩土体侵蚀破坏后承载力降低是水溶开采诱发采区地表塌陷主要的三种模式,并揭示了塌陷发展过程中各个因素的相互作用和影响。为防止盐矿塌陷的发生,分别从理论与试验研究、地质勘查、矿井设计以及生产管理等方面提出了相关的建议和措施。

Ground Subsidence Mechanism and Mitigation Methods a Salt Solution Mining

The ground subsidence is a common geology hazard in the salt solution mines. The salt solution mine has the charac-teristics of sudden collapse, large scale and long duration of damages. This paper summarizes typical ground subsidence cases inthe last decades. All of the subsidence can be classified into three categories Collapse caused By the cavity instability; Fault activation induced by the brine and groundwater corroding; Bearing capacity failure in the overlying rock mass due to the erosiondamage. Factors that might induce the damage and their inter-relationships are discussed and recommendation and suggestionsare also proposed for the geological investigation as well as the mine shaft design and construction aspects.