数控机床全误差模型和误差补偿技术的研究

加工精度是数控机床必须保证的一项性能指标。提高机床精度是先进制造技术的重要课题，有误差避免和误差补偿两种方法。前者使机床造价大幅上升，而且精度的提高也有一定的限度。后者的精度提高几乎没有限制，对数控机床，计算机实时误差补偿技术是一种经济、有效的基本途径。基于多体系统理论，推导了多坐标数控机床，包含几何误差和热误差的全误差模型。文中介绍了坐标数控机床项误差的辨识方法(22线、14线和9线法)，还介绍了回转坐标6项误差的辨识方法。通过软件补偿，在3坐标联动和4坐标联动数控机床上实现了几何误差和热误差的补偿。实践结果表明误差模型的准确性和补偿方法的实用性。

Research on Total Error Model and Error Compensation of CNC Machine Tool

The working accuracy is one of the necessary specifications of CNC machine tools. There are two methods for enhancing the accuracy of machine tools: error avoidance and error compensation. The former method causes seriousrise of the production cost, and the enhancement of accuracy is limited. Whereas using the later method, it is unlimited to the accuracy enhancement. For CNC machine tools, computational real-time error compensationis one of the most economic, effective fundamental methods. Based on the multibody systemtheory, total error model for multi coordinate CNC machine tools, including geometricaland thermal errors is developed. The identification method (22lines, 14 lines and 9 lines method) for the 21 errors of 3-coordinate CNC machine tools, as well as for the 6 errors of rotary coordinate are introduced. By means of software compensation, compensation of geometricaland thermal errors of 3-coordinate and 4-coordinante CNC machine tools are accomplished. Experimentalresults show that the error model is precise and the compensation method is useful.